Energy is the capacity of a physical system to do work. The common symbol for energy is the uppercase letter E.
パイプラインのヒートトレース設計は、実生活において重要な役割を担っています。設計において、科学技術者は実際の状況に基づいて熱トレース係数と設計枠を決定する必要があり、熱トレースパイプラインの設計が実際の生産要件を満たし、実際の生産ニーズを満たすようにするためである。化学試験工程で異なる化学生産要求を満たすために、蒸気トレースシステムの組成、設計構造、蒸気トレース設計を分析する。蒸気トレース管の設計は、科学技術者が実際のニーズに従って、蒸気トレース管の設計が改善できることを確認する必要があります[...]。
水平方向掘削とは、地下のターゲットに交差するように、あらかじめ決められた坑道軌道、角度、水平方向で坑道を掘削する科学である。坑道は通常、垂直方向に掘削されるが、時には垂直方向から角度をつけて掘削することが有利になることもある。坑井は、垂直方向から水平方向に一定のずれを持たせて掘削されます。水平方向掘削（HDD）とは、トレンチレス工法で地下のパイプライン、ケーブル、サービス管路を設置する方法です。方向性掘削機とそれに付随するアタッチメントを使用し、選択した掘削経路に沿って正確に掘削し、必要なパイプをバックリームで取り付けることができます。[...]
Forming gas is a mixture of hydrogen (mole fraction varies) and nitrogen. It is sometimes called a “dissociated ammonia atmosphere” due to the reaction which generates it: 2 NH3 → 3 H2 + N2 It can also be manufactured by thermal cracking of ammonia, in an ammonia cracker or forming gas generator. Forming gas is used as an atmosphere for processes that need the properties of hydrogen gas. Typical forming gas formulations (5% H2 in N2) are not explosive. It is used in chambers for gas hypersensitization, a process in which photographic film is heated in forming gas to drive out moisture and oxygenand to increase the base fog of the film. Hypersensitization is used particularly in deep-sky astrophotography, which deals with low-intensity incoming light, requires […]
Exploration and production industry (Upstream Oil and Gas) Upstream Oil and Gas is a sector of the oil and gas industry which deals with exploring hydrocarbon reserves, extracting and transporting them for further processing. In simple terms Upstream Oil and Gas is also referred to Exploration and Production (E&P) sector. The Exploration of reserves can be on-land also called as onshore or in sea also called as offshore. The oil industry is a massive and complex in nature. It is divided into three segments, i.e., upstream, midstream and downstream. Upstream is the very first step in the oil industry followed by the midstream and downstream. Further this upstream involves a […]
Crude Oil is a naturally occurring petroleum product found beneath the earth’s surface. Crude oil can be refined to produce usable products such as gasoline, diesel and various forms of petrochemicals. It is a nonrenewable resource, also known as a fossil fuel, which means that it can’t be replaced naturally at the rate we consume it and is therefore a limited resource. The major hydrocarbons in Crude Oil are PAH, Aliphatics and Alicyclic. Oil drilling is done to recover crude oil from the earth’s surface. This is done after a systematic study of geological aspects and reservoir characteristics. Crude Oil is separated from water, gas, sand, and debris, etc., at […]
Brent Crude is a major trading classification of sweet light crude oil that serves as a major benchmark price for purchases of oil worldwide. This grade is described as light because of its relatively low density, and sweet because of its low sulfur content. Brent Crude is extracted from the North Sea and comprises Brent Blend, Forties Blend, Osebergand Ekofisk crudes (also known as the BFOE Quotation). The Brent Crude oil marker is also known as Brent Blend, London Brent and Brent petroleum. The other well-known classifications (also called references or benchmarks) are the OPEC Reference Basket, Dubai Crude,Oman Crude, Urals oil and West Texas Intermediate (WTI). Brent is the leading global price benchmark for Atlantic basin crude oils. It is used to price two thirds of the world’s internationally traded crude oil supplies. […]
More than 85% of the world’s current energy needs are met through fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas. Demand for energy is projected to increase primarily in developing countries that are beginning to drive more cars and use more electricity. While there is enough fossil fuels supply for several more decades, what will happen when it starts running low? There are ways to reduce waste and use existing technologies to keep the air cleaner by reducing fossil fuels emissions. Expansion of all economic energy sources will be required: coal, nuclear, biomass, other renewables, unconventional oil and natural gas. Options like these are part of a concept called […]
Why There Isn’t an Easy Solution The epic challenge of the 21st century is filling the gap between energy supply and demand with clean, reliable and inexpensive energy. While new sources of energy are gradually changing the landscape, products made from fossil fuels continue to heat our homes, fuel our cars and power our computers. Despite extraordinary advances in technology, rapid economic growth in countries like China and India will require more energy. Some solutions are being implemented today, but many will come from the next generation of entrepreneurs, engineers and scientists. In order to rise to this grand challenge, we must consider the following issues. Encouraging Growth of […]
Energy Technology Advances in technology are the world’s best bet for meeting increasing energy demands while also protecting the environment. The energy industry is making great strides in how energy sources are extracted, created and used—always with the aim of using less to do more. As the world’s population grows and less developed parts of the globe become more technologically advanced, the energy industry’s commitment to new technology will make it possible for more and more people to have access to the electricity they need while keeping the environment safe and healthy. Delivering Energy Technology is also being used to update the world’s energy grids. According to a US Department […]
Biofuels, including ethanol, are clean-burning, biodegradable and made from renewable resources. In addition to being used as fuel for transportation, biofuel can be converted to other useful forms of energy, including methane gas and heat. Ethanol is probably added to the gasoline you use in your car, so you may be more familiar with biofuel than you thought! How Biofuels are Produced Most biofuels are made through a chemical process called transesterification (trans-uh-ster-uh-fi-KAY- shun). This process separates the glycerin from animal fats or vegetable oil, leaving behind methyl esters (the chemical name for biodiesel) and glycerin (a valuable byproduct used in soaps and other products). Ethanol is made by fermenting […]
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