カテゴリー 石油・天然ガス

Oil and natural gas are naturally occurring chemicals that are made up of just two elements — carbon and hydrogen. The class of chemicals based on carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.

水平方向掘削とは

水平方向掘削とは、地下のターゲットに交差するように、あらかじめ決められた坑道軌道、角度、水平方向で坑道を掘削する科学である。坑道は通常、垂直方向に掘削されるが、時には垂直方向から角度をつけて掘削することが有利になることもある。坑井は、垂直方向から水平方向に一定のずれを持たせて掘削されます。水平方向掘削（HDD）とは、トレンチレス工法で地下のパイプライン、ケーブル、サービス管路を設置する方法です。方向性掘削機とそれに付随するアタッチメントを使用し、選択した掘削経路に沿って正確に掘削し、必要なパイプをバックリームで取り付けることができます。[...]

 
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フォーメーションガスとは？

Forming gas is a mixture of hydrogen (mole fraction varies) and nitrogen. It is sometimes called a “dissociated ammonia atmosphere” due to the reaction which generates it: 2 NH3 → 3 H2 + N2 It can also be manufactured by thermal cracking of ammonia, in an ammonia cracker or forming gas generator. Forming gas is used as an atmosphere for processes that need the properties of hydrogen gas. Typical forming gas formulations (5% H2 in N2) are not explosive. It is used in chambers for gas hypersensitization, a process in which photographic film is heated in forming gas to drive out moisture and oxygenand to increase the base fog of the film. Hypersensitization is used particularly in deep-sky astrophotography, which deals with low-intensity incoming light, requires […]

 
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探鉱・開発産業

Exploration and production industry (Upstream Oil and Gas) Upstream Oil and Gas is a sector of the oil and gas industry which deals with exploring hydrocarbon reserves, extracting and transporting them for further processing. In simple terms Upstream Oil and Gas is also referred to Exploration and Production (E&P) sector. The Exploration of reserves can be on-land also called as onshore or in sea also called as offshore. The oil industry is a massive and complex in nature. It is divided into three segments, i.e., upstream, midstream and downstream. Upstream is the very first step in the oil industry followed by the midstream and downstream. Further this upstream involves a […]

 
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原油とは

Crude Oil is a naturally occurring petroleum product found beneath the earth’s surface. Crude oil can be refined to produce usable products such as gasoline, diesel and various forms of petrochemicals. It is a nonrenewable resource, also known as a fossil fuel, which means that it can’t be replaced naturally at the rate we consume it and is therefore a limited resource. The major hydrocarbons in Crude Oil are PAH, Aliphatics and Alicyclic. Oil drilling is done to recover crude oil from the earth’s surface. This is done after a systematic study of geological aspects and reservoir characteristics. Crude Oil is separated from water, gas, sand, and debris, etc., at […]

 
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What is brent crude?

Brent Crude is a major trading classification of sweet light crude oil that serves as a major benchmark price for purchases of oil worldwide. This grade is described as light because of its relatively low density, and sweet because of its low sulfur content. Brent Crude is extracted from the North Sea and comprises Brent Blend, Forties Blend, Osebergand Ekofisk crudes (also known as the BFOE Quotation). The Brent Crude oil marker is also known as Brent Blend, London Brent and Brent petroleum. The other well-known classifications (also called references or benchmarks) are the OPEC Reference Basket, Dubai Crude,Oman Crude, Urals oil and West Texas Intermediate (WTI). Brent is the leading global price benchmark for Atlantic basin crude oils. It is used to price two thirds of the world’s internationally traded crude oil supplies. […]

 
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What are oil and natural gas

Oil and natural gas are naturally occurring chemicals that are made up of just two elements — carbon and hydrogen. The class of chemicals based on carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. The simplest hydrocarbon, methane, is made up of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. Other hydrocarbons like octane and octadecane have more complicated structures. Plastics are made of molecules called polymers that are very long chains of hydrocarbons. How Are Oil/Natural Gas Formed? Stage 1 – All of the oil and gas we use today began as microscopic plants and animals living in the ocean millions of years ago. As these microscopic plants and animals lived, they absorbed […]

 
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What is petroleum

Petroleum (also known as crude oil or simply oil) is a fossil fuel that was formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms.  Millions of years ago, algae and plants lived in shallow seas. After dying and sinking to the seafloor, the organic material mixed with other sediments and was buried. Over millions of years under high pressure and high temperature, the remains of these organisms transformed into what we know today as fossil fuels. Coal, natural gas, and petroleum are all fossil fuels that formed under similar conditions. It is a mixture of hundreds of different hydrocarbons molecules containing hydrogen and carbon that exist sometimes as a liquid (crude […]

 
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