What is Hot Oil? Heavy crude oil (or extra heavy crude oil) is highly-viscous oil that cannot easily flow to production wells under normal reservoir conditions. It is referred to as “heavy” because its density or specific gravity is higher than that of light crude oil. Heavy crude oil has been defined as any liquid petroleum with an API gravity less than 20°. Physical properties that differ between heavy crude oils and lighter grades include higher viscosity and specific gravity, as well as heavier molecular composition. In 2010, the World Energy Council defined extra heavy oil as crude oil having a gravity of less than 10° and a reservoir viscosity of no more than 10,000 centipoises. When reservoir viscosity measurements are not available, extra-heavy oil […]
カテゴリー 未分類
ホリゾンタルドリリングとは
What is horizontal drilling? Horizontal drilling can be referred to as the directional drilling of an oil well in a horizontal direction rather than vertical. Since most oil wells are drilled in a vertical direction, horizontal drilling helps in stimulating the well in a different way to extract most of the produce from the reservoir. Horizontal drilling is also called as directional drilling or slant drilling and it usually intersects a vertical oil well to stimulate it and produce oil and natural gas. It is a common method to extract natural gas from Marcellus shale formation. There are two types of oil well drilling – horizontal and vertical. Normally, wells […]
ガス、ガソリンとは？
ガスまたはガソリンは、天然ガスの液体で、凝縮液とLNG（液化石油ガス）の中間の蒸気圧を持っています。炭素原子と水素原子のみを含む炭化水素の軽量揮発性混合物である。通常、内燃機関を搭載した自動車には、精製された市販のガス（ガソリン）が使用されています。オクタン価は、ガスの燃焼特性を決定するために使用されます。どのガスもオクタン価が高いほど、着火するまでに耐えられる圧縮率が高くなります。天然ガスには、その性質上、可燃性のものが多くあります。ガスまたはガソリンは、炭化水素の軽量不安定な混合物で、[...]として使用されます。
Formation Fluidとは？
Formation fluid refers to the naturally occurring liquids and gases contained in geologic formations.[1] Fluids introduced during the drilling process are called drilling fluids. Fluids in an oil or gas reservoir are called reservoir fluids. The fluids flowing from the wellhead of an oil or gas well are called production fluids. Formation Fluid is the naturally-occurring fluids and gases in the pores of a formation rock. The fluid may be oil, gas and/ or water that are contained in geologic formations. When the formation fluid is used during oil well drilling, it is referred to as drilling fluid. When the fluids are found in an oil or gas reservoir they […]
フルードカップリングとはどういう意味ですか？
Fluid Coupling is a mechanism which helps in transferring the rotational force from one axis to another axis. The axis can be termed as transmitted and receiving axis. The transfer is done with the help of an accelerated or decelerated fluid (oil). The acceleration of load to the maximum and the starting of the motor nearly free of load are done by the fluid coupling. The machines that use fluid couplings consist of two rotating surfaces known as impeller and runner. The fluid is used to control the speed. Both impeller and runner contain the fluid. The fluid flow with high velocity and impinges the runner blades which in turn […]
排ガスとは？
Flue gas is the gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue, which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, oven, furnace, boiler or steam generator. Quite often, the flue gas refers to the combustion exhaust gas produced at power plants. Its composition depends on what is being burned, but it will usually consist of mostlynitrogen (typically more than two-thirds) derived from the combustion of air, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water vapor as well as excess oxygen (also derived from the combustion air). It further contains a small percentage of a number of pollutants, such as particulate matter (like soot), carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides. Large amounts of flue gases are generated due to combustion of petroleum products in oil and gas industries. These gases are also […]
硫化鉄とは
Ferrous Sulfide, A corrosion by-product [FeS2] formed when hydrogen sulfide [H2S] contacts the iron [Fe] present in steel. Ferrous sulfide is a black crystalline material at bottomhole conditions. However, when it contacts air at surface, it will be converted into iron oxide, which is a red-brown compound. Ferrous sulfide is also called iron sulfide. Ferrous sulfide has the chemical formula FeS hence the name iron (II) sulfide. There is a wide range of applications of ferrous (II) sulfide or iron sulfide. It is used in the metallurgical industry in imparting and improving additional mechanical properties of metals and alloys by adding sulfur to the metals in the steel manufacturing industry. Some […]
What is a ferrous alloy
A Ferrous Alloy is an alloy that has iron as its prime constituent and a small amount of carbon in it. It can also contain steel as its component. It plays an important role in industrial applications as it is widely used in manufacturing tools. Drill bits, which are cutting tools, are made by using carbon steel. Similarly, a Ferrous Alloy can be used for making engineered tools for specific uses. The oil and gas industry requires proper tools that are used for different operations such as milling, drilling, exploring and so on. These tools are made by using a Ferrous Alloy or metal that is generally preferred for manufacturing […]
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Enhanced oil recovery (abbreviated EOR) is the implementation of various techniques for increasing the amount of crude oil that can be extracted from an oil field. Enhanced oil recovery is also called tertiary recovery (as opposed to primary and secondary recovery). According to the US Department of Energy, there are three primary techniques for EOR: thermal recovery, gas injection, and chemical injection.[1] Sometimes the term quaternary recovery is used to refer to more advanced, speculative, EOR techniques. Using EOR, 30 to 60 percent, or more, of the reservoir’s original oil can be extracted, compared with 20 to 40 percent using primary and secondary recovery. Each oil field typically contributes 40% […]
What is Core Drilling
A core drilling is a hollow, cylindrical drill used to make holes through a surface. It is made of metal, and its drilling tips are coated with diamond or carbide. The tool is composed of a motor, a handle or base, and drill bits. The hollow center of the drill is used to carve out and extract a sample from the drilled material. The mechanism of a core drilling is generally like that of other drills. The drill pushes through a surface with a twisting motion to make a hole. The main difference is that a core drilling will extract a sample of the material bored through. This sample conforms […]
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